Template:Infobox thulium

थुलियम
69Tm
– ↑ Tm ↓ Md Periodic table अर्बियम ← थुलियम → यितरबियम
रुप
silvery gray
साधारण गुण
नां, चिं, ल्या	थुलियम, Tm, 69
उच्चारण	/ˈθjuːliəm/
धातुया वर्ग	lanthanide
ग्रुप, पिरियद, ब्लक	n/a, 6, f
Standard atomic weight	168.93422(2)
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f13 6s2 2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2
History
Discovery	1879
Physical properties
Phase	solid
Density (near r.t.)	9.32 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p.	8.56 g·cm−3
Melting point	1818 K, 1545 °C, 2813 °F
Boiling point	2003 K, 1730 °C, 3146 °F
Heat of fusion	16.84 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization	191 kJ·mol−1
Molar heat capacity	27.03 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1117 1235 1381 1570 (1821) (2217)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	2, 3, 4 ((a basic oxide))
Electronegativity	1.25 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies	1st: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
	2nd: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
	3rd: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius	176 pm
Covalent radius	190±10 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	hexagonal close-packed
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Electrical resistivity	poly: 676Ω·m
Thermal conductivity	16.9 W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion	poly: 13.3 µm/(m·K)
Young's modulus	74.0 GPa
Shear modulus	30.5 GPa
Bulk modulus	44.5 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.213
Vickers hardness	520 MPa
Brinell hardness	471 MPa
CAS registry number	7440-30-4
Most stable isotopes
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 167Tm syn 9.25 d ε 0.748 167Er 168Tm syn 93.1 d ε 1.679 168Er 169Tm 100% – (α) 1.2004 165Ho 170Tm syn 128.6 d β− 0.968 170Yb 171Tm syn 1.92 y β− 0.096 171Yb Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed

References

These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.