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बोरियम

विकिपिडिया नं
(Redirected from Bohrium)
बोरियम, 107Bh
बोरियम
Pronunciation/ˈb{{{2}}}iəm/ (bor-EE-əm)
Mass number[270] (data not decisive)[lower-alpha १]
बोरियम in the periodic table
Hydrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Helium (noble gas)
Lithium (alkali metal)
Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)
Boron (metalloid)
Carbon (polyatomic nonmetal)
Nitrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Oxygen (diatomic nonmetal)
Fluorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Neon (noble gas)
Sodium (alkali metal)
Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)
Aluminium (other metals)
Silicon (metalloid)
Phosphorus (polyatomic nonmetal)
Sulfur (polyatomic nonmetal)
Chlorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Argon (noble gas)
Potassium (alkali metal)
Calcium (alkaline earth metal)
Scandium (transition metal)
Titanium (transition metal)
Vanadium (transition metal)
Chromium (transition metal)
Manganese (transition metal)
Iron (transition metal)
Cobalt (transition metal)
Nickel (transition metal)
Copper (transition metal)
Zinc (transition metal)
Gallium (other metals)
Germanium (metalloid)
Arsenic (metalloid)
Selenium (polyatomic nonmetal)
Bromine (diatomic nonmetal)
Krypton (noble gas)
Rubidium (alkali metal)
Strontium (alkaline earth metal)
Yttrium (transition metal)
Zirconium (transition metal)
Niobium (transition metal)
Molybdenum (transition metal)
Technetium (transition metal)
Ruthenium (transition metal)
Rhodium (transition metal)
Palladium (transition metal)
Silver (transition metal)
Cadmium (transition metal)
Indium (other metals)
Tin (other metals)
Antimony (metalloid)
Tellurium (metalloid)
Iodine (diatomic nonmetal)
Xenon (noble gas)
Caesium (alkali metal)
Barium (alkaline earth metal)
Lanthanum (lanthanide)
Cerium (lanthanide)
Praseodymium (lanthanide)
Neodymium (lanthanide)
Promethium (lanthanide)
Samarium (lanthanide)
Europium (lanthanide)
Gadolinium (lanthanide)
Terbium (lanthanide)
Dysprosium (lanthanide)
Holmium (lanthanide)
Erbium (lanthanide)
Thulium (lanthanide)
Ytterbium (lanthanide)
Lutetium (lanthanide)
Hafnium (transition metal)
Tantalum (transition metal)
Tungsten (transition metal)
Rhenium (transition metal)
Osmium (transition metal)
Iridium (transition metal)
Platinum (transition metal)
Gold (transition metal)
Mercury (transition metal)
Thallium (other metals)
Lead (other metals)
Bismuth (other metals)
Polonium (other metals)
Astatine (metalloid)
Radon (noble gas)
Francium (alkali metal)
Radium (alkaline earth metal)
Actinium (actinide)
Thorium (actinide)
Protactinium (actinide)
Uranium (actinide)
Neptunium (actinide)
Plutonium (actinide)
Americium (actinide)
Curium (actinide)
Berkelium (actinide)
Californium (actinide)
Einsteinium (actinide)
Fermium (actinide)
Mendelevium (actinide)
Nobelium (actinide)
Lawrencium (actinide)
Rutherfordium (transition metal)
Dubnium (transition metal)
Seaborgium (transition metal)
Bohrium (transition metal)
Hassium (transition metal)
Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)
Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)
Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)
Copernicium (transition metal)
Ununtrium (unknown chemical properties)
Flerovium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununpentium (unknown chemical properties)
Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununseptium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununoctium (unknown chemical properties)
Re

Bh

सीबोर्गियमबोरियमह्यासियम
Atomic number (Z)107
Groupgroup 7
Periodperiod 7
Block  d-block
Electron configuration[Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2[][]
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 13, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPठोस पदार्थ (predicted)[]
Density (near r.t.)26–27 g/cm3 (predicted)[][]
Atomic properties
Oxidation statesसाधारण: (none)
(+3), (+4), (+5), (+7)[]
energies
  • 1st: 740 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1690 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2570 kJ/mol
  • (more) (all but first estimated)[]
Atomic radiusempirical: 128 pm (predicted)[]
Covalent radius141 pm (estimated)[]
Other properties
Natural occurrencesynthetic
Crystal structure hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Hexagonal close-packed crystal structure for बोरियम

(predicted)[]
CAS Number54037-14-8
History
Namingafter Niels Bohr
DiscoveryGesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (1981)
Isotopes of बोरियम
Template:infobox बोरियम isotopes does not exist
Category Category: बोरियम
| references

बोरियम (Borium) छगू कृतिम रसायनिक तत्व खः, थ्व तत्वया चिं Bh व आणविक ल्या १०७ दु। थ्व तत्वया नां देनिस निल्स बोरया नामं छूगु ख। कृतिम तत्वया रुपय् थ्व तत्व कण प्रवेगक (पार्तिकल एसेलेरेतर)य् दयेकेछिं तर प्रकृतिइ धाःसा थ्व तत्व मदु । बोरियमया सकल ज्ञात आइसोटोपत तसकं रेडियोएक्तिभ जु; थ्व तत्वया दकलय् स्थिर आइसोटप २७०Bhया हाफलाइफ लगभग २.४ मिनेट दु, यद्यपि पुष्टि मजूगु २२८ Bhया हाफ लाइफ धाःसा १२ मिनट तक जुइफूगु अनुमान दु। तत्त्वमांय्, थ्व तत्व d-ब्लक ट्रान्सएक्टिनाइड तत्व खः। थ्व तत्व ७गू पिरियदया छगू सदस्य खः व ग्रुप ७ तत्वया न्यागु सदस्यया रुपय् संक्रमक धातुया 6d झ्वलय् ला। रसायनिक प्रयोगतेसं पुष्टि याःगु दु कि बोरियम ग्रुप ७या रेनियमया हे झ्यातूगु होमोलगया कथं व्यवहार याइ। बोरियमया रसायनिक गुण केवल आंशिक रूपं जक वर्णन जूगु दु, तर थ्व गुणत मेमेगु ७ पुचः तत्वतय्‌के रसायनिक विशेषताय् ज्वलं न।

List of bohrium isotopes
Isotope Half-life[lower-alpha २] क्षय
मोड
Discovery
year
Discovery
reaction
Value ref
260Bh 41 ms[] α २००७ 209Bi(52Cr,n)[१०]
261Bh 12.8 ms[] α १९८६ 209Bi(54Cr,2n)[११]
262Bh 84 ms[] α १९८१ 209Bi(54Cr,n)[१२]
262mBh 9.5 ms[] α १९८१ 209Bi(54Cr,n)[१२]
264Bh 1.07 s[] α १९९४ 272Rg(—,2α)[१३]
265Bh 1.19 s[] α २००४ 243Am(26Mg,4n)[१४]
266Bh 10.6 s[] α २००० 249Bk(22Ne,5n)[१५]
267Bh 22 s[] α २००० 249Bk(22Ne,4n)[१५]
270Bh 2.4 min[] α २००६ 282Nh(—,3α)[१६]
271Bh 2.9 s[] α २००३ 287Mc(—,4α)[१६]
272Bh 8.8 s[] α २००५ 288Mc(—,4α)[१६]
274Bh 57 s[] α २००९ 294Ts(—,5α)[१७]
278Bh 11.5 min?[] SF १९९८? 290Fl(ee3α)?

लिधंसा

[सम्पादन]

सफूधलः

[सम्पादन]

पिनेया स्वापू

[सम्पादन]
  1. The most stable isotope of bohrium cannot be determined based on existing data due to uncertainty that arises from the low number of measurements. The half-life of 270Bh corresponding to two standard deviations is, based on existing data, 2.4+8.8
    −1.8
    minutes[], whereas that of 274Bh is 44+68
    −26
    seconds; these measurements have overlapping confidence intervals. It is also possible that the unconfirmed 278Bh is more stable than both of these, with its half-life being 11.5 minutes.[]
  2. Different sources give different values for half-lives; the most recently published values are listed.
Cite error: <ref> tags exist for a group named "lower-alpha", but no corresponding <references group="lower-alpha"/> tag was found
  1. 1 2 3 4 (2022) "New isotope 286Mc produced in the 243Am+48Ca reaction". Physical Review C 106. DOI:10.1103/PhysRevC.106.064306. 
  2. 1 2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Hofmann2016
  3. (2002) "Ionization potentials and radii of neutral and ionized species of elements 107 (bohrium) and 108 (hassium) from extended multiconfiguration Dirac–Fock calculations". The Journal of Chemical Physics 116 (5): 1862–1868. DOI:10.1063/1.1430256. 
  4. 1 2 3 4 (2006) “Transactinides and the future elements”, The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements, 3rd, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media.
  5. 1 2 (2011) "First-principles calculation of the structural stability of 6d transition metals". Physical Review B 84 (11). DOI:10.1103/PhysRevB.84.113104. 
  6. (10 May 2011) "Physical properties of the 6 d -series elements from density functional theory: Close similarity to lighter transition metals". Physical Review B 83 (17): 172101. DOI:10.1103/PhysRevB.83.172101. 
  7. (2013) Nuclear and Radiochemistry: Fundamentals and Applications, 3rd.
  8. Chemical Data. Bohrium - Bh, Royal Chemical Society
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 (2021) "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties". Chinese Physics C 45 (3). DOI:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae. 
  10. (2008) "Lightest Isotope of Bh Produced via the Bi209(Cr52,n)Bh260 Reaction". Physical Review Letters 100 (2). DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.022501. PMID 18232860. 
  11. Münzenberg, G. (1989). "Element 107". Zeitschrift für Physik A 333 (2): 163. DOI:10.1007/BF01565147. 
  12. 1 2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named 262Bh
  13. Hofmann, S. (1995). "The new element 111". Zeitschrift für Physik A 350 (4): 281. DOI:10.1007/BF01291182. 
  14. Gan, Z.G. (2004). "New isotope 265Bh". The European Physical Journal A 20 (3): 385. DOI:10.1140/epja/i2004-10020-2. 
  15. 1 2 Wilk, P. A. (2000). "Evidence for New Isotopes of Element 107: 266Bh and 267Bh". Physical Review Letters 85 (13): 2697–700. DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.2697. PMID 10991211. 
  16. 1 2 3 Oganessian, Yu. Ts. (2007), "Heaviest Nuclei Produced in 48Ca-induced Reactions (Synthesis and Decay Properties)", in Penionzhkevich, Yu. E. & Cherepanov, E. A., pp. 235, ISBN 978-0-7354-0420-5, doi 10.1063/1.2746600
  17. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named 274Bh