निकेल

निकेल, ₀₀Ni

निकेल
Appearance	lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Ni)
	58.6934±0.0004 58.693±0.001 (abridged)
निकेल in the periodic table
– ↑ Ni ↓ Pd कोबाल्ट ← निकेल → कपर
Group	group 10
Period	period 4
Block	d-block
Electron configuration	[Ar] 3d8 4s2 or [Ar] 3d9 4s1 (see text)
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 16, 2 or 2, 8, 17, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	1728 K ​(1455 °C, ​2651 °F)
Boiling point	3003 K ​(2730 °C, ​4946 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	8.908 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	7.81 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	17.48 kJ/mol
Heat of	379 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.07 J/(mol·K)
pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1783 1950 2154 2410 2741 3184
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	साधारण: +2 −2, −1, 0, +1, +3, +4
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.91
energies	1st: 737.1 kJ/mol 2nd: 1753.0 kJ/mol 3rd: 3395 kJ/mol (more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 124 pm
Covalent radius	124±4 pm
Van der Waals radius	163 pm
Color lines in a spectral range Spectral lines of निकेल
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	​(fcc)
Thermal expansion	13.4 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	90.9 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	69.3 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	ferromagnetic
Young's modulus	200 GPa
Shear modulus	76 GPa
Bulk modulus	180 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod	4900 m/s (at r.t.)
Poisson ratio	0.31
Mohs hardness	4.0
Vickers hardness	638 MPa
Brinell hardness	700 MPa
CAS Number	7440-02-0
History
Discovery and first isolation	Axel Fredrik Cronstedt (1751)
Isotopes of निकेल

निकेल छता रसायनिक तत्त्व ख।