गन्धक

Sulfur
16S
O ↑ S ↓ Se Periodic table phosphorus ← sulfur → chlorine
रुप
lemon yellow sintered microcrystals
साधारण गुण
नां, चिं, ल्या	sulfur, S, 16
उच्चारण	/ˈsʌlfər/ SUL-fər
धातुया वर्ग	nonmetal
ग्रुप, पिरियद, ब्लक	16, 3, p
Standard atomic weight	32.06(1)
Electron configuration	[Ne] 3s2 3p4 2, 8, 6 Electron shells of sulfur (2, 8, 6)
History
Discovery	Chinese (Before 2000BC)
Recognized as an element by	Antoine Lavoisier (1777)
Physical properties
Phase	solid
Density (near r.t.)	(alpha) 2.07 g·cm−3
Density (near r.t.)	(beta) 1.96 g·cm−3
Density (near r.t.)	(gamma) 1.92 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p.	1.819 g·cm−3
Melting point	388.36 K, 115.21 °C, 239.38 °F
Boiling point	717.8 K, 444.6 °C, 832.3 °F
Critical point	1314 K, 20.7 MPa
Heat of fusion	(mono) 1.727 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization	(mono) 45 kJ·mol−1
Molar heat capacity	22.75 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 375 408 449 508 591 717
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, -1, -2 (strongly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	2.58 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies (more)	1st: 999.6 kJ·mol−1
	2nd: 2252 kJ·mol−1
	3rd: 3357 kJ·mol−1
Covalent radius	105±3 pm
Van der Waals radius	180 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	orthorhombic
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Electrical resistivity	(20 °C) (amorphous) 2×1015 Ω·m
Thermal conductivity	(amorphous) 0.205 W·m−1·K−1
Bulk modulus	7.7 GPa
Mohs hardness	2.0
CAS registry number	7704-34-9
Most stable isotopes
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 32S 95.02% S एलेमेन्ट 16 न्युट्रोन नाप स्टेबल जु 33S 0.75% S एलेमेन्ट 17 न्युट्रोन नाप स्टेबल जु 34S 4.21% S एलेमेन्ट 18 न्युट्रोन नाप स्टेबल जु 35S syn 87.32 d β− 0.167 35Cl 36S 0.02% S एलेमेन्ट 20 न्युट्रोन नाप स्टेबल जु

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