सल्जक साम्राज्य

Warning: Value specified for "continent" does not comply

Büyük Selçuklu Devleti
دولت سلجوقیان
Dawlat-i Saljūqiān
Great Seljuq Empire

1037 – 1194

Great Seljuq Empire in its zenith in 1092,
upon the death of Malik Shah I

राजधानी

Nishapur
(1037–1043)
Rey
(1043–1051)
Isfahan
(1051–1118)
Hamadan, Western capital (1118–1194)
Merv, Eastern capital (1118–1153)

भाषा(तः)

Persian (official & court language, primary literary/spoken language)^[१]^[२]^[३]
Arabic (language of scholarship,^[१] science and theology^[३])
Oghuz Turkish^[३]^[४] (spoken in everyday speech and by the military and ruling elite)

Government

Monarchy[[Category:Former monarchies}}|सल्जक साम्राज्य, 1037]]

Sultan

- 1037–1063

Toghrul I (first)

- 1174–1194

Toghrul III (last)^[५]^[६]

History

- Tughril formed the state system

1037

- Replaced by the Khwarezmian Empire^[७]

1194

क्षेत्रफल

- 1080 est.

३,९००,००० km²
१,५०५,७९८ sq mi

Preceded by

Succeeded by

Ghaznavid Empire

Khwarezmian Empire
Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm
Ayyubid dynasty
Atabegs of Azerbaijan
Burid dynasty
Zengid dynasty
Danishmends
Artuqid dynasty
Saltukids

थौंयागु इले

सल्जक साम्राज्य छगू तुर्क-पारसी साम्राज्य ख।

लिधंसा[सम्पादन]

↑ ^१.० ^१.१ Savory, R. M. and Roger Savory, Introduction to Islamic civilisation, (Cambridge University Press, 1976 ), 82.
↑ Black, Edwin, Banking on Baghdad: inside Iraq's 7,000-year history of war, profit and conflict, (John Wiley and sons, 2004), 38.
↑ ^३.० ^३.१ ^३.२ C.E. Bosworth, "Turkish Expansion towards the west" in UNESCO HISTORY OF HUMANITY, Volume IV, titled "From the Seventh to the Sixteenth Century", UNESCO Publishing / Routledge, p. 391: "While the Arabic language retained its primacy in such spheres as law, theology and science, the culture of the Seljuk court and secular literature within the sultanate became largely Persianized; this is seen in the early adoption of Persian epic names by the Seljuk rulers (Qubād, Kay Khusraw and so on) and in the use of Persian as a literary language (Turkish must have been essentially a vehicle for everyday speech at this time)
↑ Concise encyclopedia of languages of the world, Ed. Keith Brown, Sarah Ogilvie, (Elsevier Ltd., 2009), 1110;Oghuz Turkic is first represented by Old Anatolian Turkish which was a subordinate written medium until the end of the Seljuk rule.".
↑ A New General Biographical Dictionary, Vol.2, Ed. Hugh James Rose, (London, 1853), 214.
↑ Grousset, Rene, The Empire of the Steppes, (New Brunswick:Rutgers University Press, 1988), 167.
↑ Grousset, Rene, The Empire of the Steppes, (New Brunswick:Rutgers University Press, 1988),159,161; "In 1194, Togrul III would succumb to the onslaught of the Khwarizmian Turks, who were destined at last to succeed the Seljuks to the empire of the Middle East."

[ReferenceA-1] १.० ^१.१ Savory, R. M. and Roger Savory, Introduction to Islamic civilisation, (Cambridge University Press, 1976 ), 82.

[2] Black, Edwin, Banking on Baghdad: inside Iraq's 7,000-year history of war, profit and conflict, (John Wiley and sons, 2004), 38.

[Bosworth-3] ३.० ^३.१ ^३.२ C.E. Bosworth, "Turkish Expansion towards the west" in UNESCO HISTORY OF HUMANITY, Volume IV, titled "From the Seventh to the Sixteenth Century", UNESCO Publishing / Routledge, p. 391: "While the Arabic language retained its primacy in such spheres as law, theology and science, the culture of the Seljuk court and secular literature within the sultanate became largely Persianized; this is seen in the early adoption of Persian epic names by the Seljuk rulers (Qubād, Kay Khusraw and so on) and in the use of Persian as a literary language (Turkish must have been essentially a vehicle for everyday speech at this time)

[4] Concise encyclopedia of languages of the world, Ed. Keith Brown, Sarah Ogilvie, (Elsevier Ltd., 2009), 1110;Oghuz Turkic is first represented by Old Anatolian Turkish which was a subordinate written medium until the end of the Seljuk rule.".

[5] A New General Biographical Dictionary, Vol.2, Ed. Hugh James Rose, (London, 1853), 214.

[6] Grousset, Rene, The Empire of the Steppes, (New Brunswick:Rutgers University Press, 1988), 167.

[7] Grousset, Rene, The Empire of the Steppes, (New Brunswick:Rutgers University Press, 1988),159,161; "In 1194, Togrul III would succumb to the onslaught of the Khwarizmian Turks, who were destined at last to succeed the Seljuks to the empire of the Middle East."

[१]

[२]

[३]

[४]

[५]

[६]

[७]