𑐊𑐮𑐵𑐩

देवनागरीइ ब्वनेत: एलाम तियादिसँ

𑐊𑐮𑐵𑐩 (Elam) 𑐢𑐂𑐐𑐸 𑐠𑑁𑑄𑐎𑐣𑑂𑐴𑐫𑑂 𑐫𑐵 𑐂𑐬𑐵𑐣𑐫𑐵 𑐡𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐶𑐞-𑐥𑐱𑑂𑐔𑐶𑐩 𑐰 𑐂𑐬𑐵𑐎𑐫𑐵 𑐕𑐸𑑄 𑐨𑐵𑐐𑐫𑑂 𑐀𑐰𑐳𑑂𑐠𑐶𑐟 𑐕𑐐𑐹 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐔𑐷𑐣 𑐳𑐨𑑂𑐫𑐟𑐵 𑐏𑑅। 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐴𑐮𑐶𑐩𑐫𑐵 𑐡𑐎𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐥𑐸𑐮𑐵𑑄𑐐𑐸 𑐀𑐨𑐶𑐮𑐾𑐏𑐶𑐟 𑐮𑐴𑐣𑐵 𑐡𑐠𑐸𑐂 𑐕𑐐𑐹 𑐏𑑅, 𑐐𑐸𑐐𑐸 𑐃𑐳𑐵 𑐥𑐹𑐬𑑂𑐰 𑑓𑑒𑑐𑑐 𑐣𑐶𑐳𑐾𑑄 𑐃𑐳𑐵 𑐥𑐹𑐬𑑂𑐰 𑑕𑑓𑑙 𑐟𑐎 𑐡𑐫𑐵𑐔𑑂𑐰𑐣। 𑐠𑐸𑐎𑐶𑐫𑐵 𑐬𑐵𑐖𑐢𑐵𑐣𑐷 𑐳𑐸𑐳𑐵 (Susa) 𑐏𑑅। 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐳𑐨𑑂𑐫𑐟𑐵𑑄 𑐳𑐸𑐩𑐾𑐬𑐶𑐫𑐣 𑐰 𑐧𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐧𑐶𑐮𑑀𑐣𑐶𑐫𑐣 𑐠𑐾𑑄 𑐣𑑂𑐫𑐵𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐩𑐾𑐳𑑀𑐥𑑀𑐚𑐵𑐩𑐶𑐫𑐵𑐫𑐵 𑐩𑐾𑐩𑐾𑐐𑐸 𑐟𑑅𑐢𑑄𑐐𑐸 𑐳𑐨𑑂𑐫𑐟𑐵 𑐮𑐶𑐳𑐾 𑐣𑐵𑐥𑑄 𑐰𑐶𑐎𑐵𑐳 𑐫𑐵𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑑅।^[१]

𑐂𑐟𑐶𑐴𑐵𑐳 𑐰 𑐰𑐶𑐎𑐵𑐳𑐎𑑂𑐬𑐩

𑐊𑐮𑐵𑐩𑐫𑐵 𑐂𑐟𑐶𑐴𑐵𑐳𑐫𑐵𑐟 𑐩𑐹 𑐎𑐠𑑄 𑐥𑑂𑐫𑑄𑐐𑐹 𑐏𑐞𑑂𑐜𑐫𑑂 𑐧𑐵𑐫𑐾𑐕𑐶𑑄:

𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐬𑐩𑑂𑐨𑐶𑐎 𑐊𑐮𑐵𑐩𑐵𑐂𑐚 𑐫𑐸𑐐 (Proto-Elamite): 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐂𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐳𑐸𑐳𑐵 𑐣𑐵𑑄𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐳𑐴𑐬 𑐰𑐶𑐎𑐵𑐳 𑐖𑐸𑐮। 𑐠𑐣𑐫𑐵 𑐩𑐣𑐹𑐟𑐫𑑂𑐳𑑄 𑐠𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐴𑐾 𑐎𑐠𑑄𑐫𑐵 𑐔𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐾𑐐𑐸 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐞𑐵𑐮𑐷 𑐡𑐫𑐾𑐎𑐮। 𑐊𑐮𑐵𑐩 𑐰 𑐩𑐾𑐳𑑀𑐥𑑀𑐚𑐵𑐩𑐶𑐫𑐵𑐫𑐵 𑐡𑐠𑐸𑐫𑐵 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐵𑐥𑐹 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐂𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐣𑐶𑐳𑐾𑑄 𑐴𑐾 𑐟𑐳𑐎𑑄 𑐩𑐴𑐟𑑂𑐟𑑂𑐰𑐥𑐹𑐬𑑂𑐞 𑐖𑐸𑐫𑐵𑐔𑑂𑐰𑐣।

𑐥𑐸𑐮𑐵𑑄𑐐𑐸 𑐊𑐮𑐵𑐩𑐵𑐂𑐚 𑐫𑐸𑐐 (Old Elamite): 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐂𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐊𑐮𑐵𑐩 𑐕𑐐𑐹 𑐱𑐎𑑂𑐟𑐶𑐱𑐵𑐮𑐷 𑐬𑐵𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐫𑐵 𑐬𑐸𑐥𑐫𑑂 𑐥𑐮𑐶𑐳𑑂𑐠𑐵 𑐖𑐸𑐮। 𑐂𑐩𑐶𑐳𑑄 𑐩𑐾𑐳𑑀𑐥𑑀𑐚𑐵𑐩𑐶𑐫𑐵𑐫𑐵 𑐄𑐬 (Ur) 𑐬𑐵𑐖𑐰𑑄𑐱𑐫𑐵𑐟 𑐧𑐸𑐎𑐮 𑐰 𑐠𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐳𑐵𑐩𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐖𑑂𑐫 𑐰𑐶𑐳𑑂𑐟𑐵𑐬 𑐫𑐵𑐟।

𑐩𑐢𑑂𑐫 𑐊𑐮𑐵𑐩𑐵𑐂𑐚 𑐫𑐸𑐐 (Middle Elamite): 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐊𑐮𑐵𑐩𑐫𑐵 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐬𑑂𑐞 𑐫𑐸𑐐 𑐏𑑅। 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐂𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐔𑑀𑐑𑐵 𑐖𑐵𑐣𑑂𑐧𑐶𑐮 (Chogha Zanbil) 𑐠𑐾𑑄 𑐣𑑂𑐫𑐵𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐟𑑅𑐢𑑄𑐐𑐸 𑐖𑐶𑐐𑐸𑐬𑐵𑐟 (Ziggurat - 𑐡𑐾𑐐𑑅) 𑐡𑐫𑐾𑐎𑐾𑐐𑐸 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐖𑐸𑐮। 𑐎𑐮𑐵 𑐰 𑐰𑐵𑐳𑑂𑐟𑐸𑐎𑐮𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐟𑑅𑐢𑑄𑐐𑐸 𑐰𑐶𑐎𑐵𑐳 𑐏𑐣𑐾𑐡𑐟।

𑐮𑐶𑐥𑐵𑑄𑐐𑐸 𑐊𑐮𑐵𑐩𑐵𑐂𑐚 𑐫𑐸𑐐 (Neo-Elamite): 𑐮𑐶𑐥𑐵 𑐀𑐳𑑂𑐳𑐾𑐬𑐶𑐫𑐣 (Assyrian) 𑐳𑐵𑐩𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐫𑐵 𑐁𑐎𑑂𑐬𑐩𑐞 𑐰 𑐄𑐎𑐶𑐫𑐵 𑐢𑐸𑑄𑐎𑐵 𑐥𑐬𑑂𑐱𑐶𑐫𑐣 (Persian) 𑐳𑐵𑐩𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐫𑐵 𑐄𑐡𑐫 𑐖𑐸𑐂𑐰𑑄 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐳𑐨𑑂𑐫𑐟𑐵𑐫𑐵 𑐥𑐟𑐣 𑐖𑐸𑐮। 𑐊𑐮𑐵𑐩 𑐮𑐶𑐥𑐵 𑐀𑐎𑐶𑐩𑐾𑐣𑐶𑐜 (Achaemenid) 𑐳𑐵𑐩𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐫𑐵 𑐕𑐐𑐹 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐣𑑂𑐟 𑐖𑐎 𑐖𑐸𑐫𑐵𑐰𑐣।

𑐨𑐵𑐲𑐵 𑐰 𑐳𑑄𑐳𑑂𑐎𑐺𑐟𑐶

𑐨𑐵𑐲𑐵: 𑐊𑐮𑐵𑐩𑐵𑐂𑐚 𑐨𑐵𑐲𑐵 (Elamite language) 𑐩𑐾𑐩𑐾𑐐𑐸 𑐨𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐮𑐶𑐳𑐾 𑐩𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐵𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐕𑐐𑐹 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐟𑐣𑑂𑐟𑑂𑐬 𑐨𑐵𑐫𑑂 (Language isolate) 𑐏𑑅। 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐂𑐣𑑂𑐜𑑀-𑐫𑐸𑐬𑑀𑐥𑐶𑐫𑐣 𑐰𑐵 𑐳𑐾𑐩𑐶𑐚𑐶𑐎 𑐨𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐩𑐏𑐸। 𑐮𑐶𑐥𑐵 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐨𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐎𑑂𑐫𑐹𑐣𑐶𑐦𑐬𑑂𑐩 (Cuneiform) 𑐮𑐶𑐥𑐶𑐂 𑐔𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐾𑐐𑐸 𑐫𑐵𑑅।

𑐳𑐩𑐵𑐖: 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐳𑐨𑑂𑐫𑐟𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐩𑐶𑐳𑐵𑐟𑐫𑑂𑐟 𑐟𑑅𑐢𑑄𑐐𑐸 𑐳𑐩𑑂𑐩𑐵𑐣 𑐧𑐶𑐫𑐵𑐟𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐡𑐸 𑐰 𑐂𑐩𑐶𑐟 𑐳𑐩𑑂𑐥𑐟𑑂𑐟𑐶𑐫𑐵 𑐀𑐢𑐶𑐎𑐵𑐬 𑐣𑑄 𑐡𑐸𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑐣𑐾𑐡𑐸। 𑐳𑐩𑐵𑐖𑐫𑑂 𑐥𑐸𑐬𑑂𑐏𑐵𑐟𑐫𑑂𑐟 𑐥𑐸𑐖𑐵 𑐫𑐵𑐫𑐾𑐐𑐸 𑐥𑐬𑐩𑑂𑐥𑐬𑐵 𑐡𑐸𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑑅।

𑐀𑐬𑑂𑐠𑐰𑑂𑐫𑐰𑐳𑑂𑐠𑐵

𑐊𑐮𑐵𑐩𑐫𑐵 𑐀𑐬𑑂𑐠𑐰𑑂𑐫𑐰𑐳𑑂𑐠𑐵 𑐩𑐹 𑐎𑐠𑑄 𑐧𑐸𑑄𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐰 𑐣𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐫𑐾𑐩𑐶𑐂𑐐𑐸 (trade) 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐣𑐶𑐬𑑂𑐨𑐬 𑐡𑐸𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑑅। 𑐂𑐬𑐵𑐣𑐫𑐵 𑐐𑐸𑑃 𑐰 𑐏𑑂𑐫𑑅 (plain) 𑐫𑐵 𑐡𑐠𑐸𑐂 𑐮𑐵𑑅𑐐𑐸𑐮𑐶𑑄 𑐠𑐣 𑐠𑐷𑐠𑐷 𑐎𑐠𑑄𑐫𑐵 𑐏𑐣𑐶𑐖 (𑐡𑐳𑐸: 𑐎𑑃𑐫𑑂, 𑐚𑐶𑐣) 𑐰 𑐳𑐶𑑃𑐫𑐵 𑐰𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐥𑐵𑐬 𑐟𑐳𑐎𑑄 𑐧𑐵𑑄𑐮𑐵𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑑅। 𑐂𑐩𑐶𑐳𑑄 𑐩𑐾𑐳𑑀𑐥𑑀𑐚𑐵𑐩𑐶𑐫𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐠𑐸𑐥𑐶𑑄 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐎𑐺𑐟𑐶𑐎 𑐳𑑂𑐬𑑀𑐟𑐟 𑐕𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐵𑑅 𑐀𑐣𑑄 𑐀𑐣𑑂𑐣 𑐰 𑐰𑐳𑑅 𑐴𑐫𑐾𑐐𑐸 𑐫𑐵𑐂𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑑅।