शुक्र

शुक्र

Venus in true-color. The surface is obscured by a thick blanket of clouds.
Designations
Pronunciation	/ˈviːnəs/
Adjective	Venusian or (rarely) Cytherean, Venerean
Orbital characteristics
Epoch J2000
Aphelion	108,939,000 km 0.728 213 AU
Perihelion	107,477,000 km 0.718 440 AU
Semi-major axis	108,208,000 km 0.723 327 AU
Eccentricity	0.006 756
Orbital period	224.698 day 0.615 190 yr 1.92 Venus solar day
Synodic period	583.92 days
Average orbital speed	35.02 km/s
Mean anomaly	50.115°
Inclination	3.394 58° to Ecliptic 3.86° to Sun’s equator 2.19° to Invariable plane
Longitude of ascending node	76.678°
Argument of perihelion	55.186°
Satellites	None
Physical characteristics
Mean radius	6,051.8 ± 1.0 km 0.949 9 Earths
Flattening	0
Surface area	4.60×10८ km2 0.902 Earths
Volume	9.28×10११ km3 0.866 Earths
Mass	4.868 5×10२४ kg 0.815 Earths
Mean density	5.243 g/cm3
Equatorial surface gravity	8.87 m/s2 0.904 g
Escape velocity	10.36 km/s
Sidereal rotation period	−243.018 5 day (Retrograde)
Equatorial rotation velocity	6.52 km/h (1.81 m/s)
Axial tilt	177.3°
North pole right ascension	18 h 11 min 2 s 272.76°
North pole declination	67.16°
Albedo	0.67 (geometric) 0.90 (Bond)
Surface temp. min mean max Kelvin 735 K Celsius 462 °C
Apparent magnitude	brightest −4.9 (crescent) −3.8 (full)
Angular diameter	9.7"–66.0"
Atmosphere
Surface pressure	92 bar (9.2 MPa)
Composition	~96.5% carbon dioxide ~3.5% nitrogen 0.015% sulfur dioxide 0.007% argon 0.002% water vapor 0.001 7% carbon monoxide 0.001 2% helium 0.000 7% neon trace carbonyl sulfide trace hydrogen chloride trace hydrogen fluoride

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