छ्येलेमि:Eukesh/Auto/NepalScript/ल्यान्थानाइड

देवनागरीइ ब्वनेत: ल्यान्थानाइड तियादिसँ

थ्व पौ देवनागरीं बोट छ्यला थःमंतुं नेपाललिपिइ हिलातःगु ख। थ्व पौयात च्वसु पतिइ यंकेन्ह्यः छकः ब्वनाः पाय्छि जू/मजूगू स्वयादिसँ।

Lanthanide oxides: clockwise from top center: praseodymium, cerium, lanthanum, neodymium, samarium and gadolinium

𑐮𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐣𑑂𑐠𑐵𑐣𑐵𑐂𑐜 (Lanthanide) 𑐢𑐂𑐐𑐸 𑐟𑐟𑑂𑐟𑑂𑐰𑐩𑐵𑑄 (Periodic Table) 𑐫𑑂 𑐥𑐬𑐩𑐵𑐞𑐸 𑐮𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑑕𑑗 (𑐮𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐣𑑂𑐠𑐵𑐣𑐩) 𑐣𑐶𑐳𑐾𑑄 𑑗𑑑 (𑐮𑐸𑐚𑐾𑐚𑐶𑐫𑐩) 𑐟𑐎 𑐡𑐹𑐐𑐸 𑑑𑑕 𑐐𑐹 𑐬𑐵𑐳𑐵𑐫𑐣𑐶𑐎 𑐟𑐟𑑂𑐰𑐟𑐫𑐐𑐸 𑐕𑐐𑐹 𑐥𑐸𑐔𑑅 𑐏𑑅। 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐟𑐟𑑂𑐰𑐟𑐫𑐐𑐸 𑐬𑐵𑐳𑐵𑐫𑐣𑐶𑐎 𑐐𑐸𑐞𑐟 𑐕𑐐𑐹 𑐣𑐵𑐥 𑐩𑐾𑐐𑐸 𑐟𑐳𑐎𑑄 𑐳𑐟𑐶𑐐𑐸𑐮𑐶𑑄 𑐠𑐸𑐩𑐶𑐟 𑐕𑐐𑐹 𑐴𑐾 𑐥𑐸𑐔𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐟𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐏। 𑐠𑐸𑐩𑐶𑐟 'Rare Earth Elements' 𑐫𑐵 𑐕𑐐𑐹 𑐧𑑂𑐰𑑅𑐫𑐵 𑐬𑐹𑐥𑐫𑑂 𑐣𑑄 𑐩𑑂𑐴𑐳𑐷𑐎𑐷।

𑐮𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐣𑑂𑐠𑐵𑐣𑐵𑐂𑐜 𑐟𑐟𑑂𑐰𑐟𑐫𑑂𑐐𑐸 𑐢𑐮𑑅

𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐥𑐸𑐔𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐮𑐵𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐟𑐟𑑂𑐰𑐟 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐎𑐠𑑄 𑐡𑐸:

𑐮𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐣𑑂𑐠𑐵𑐣𑐵𑐂𑐜 𑐥𑐸𑐔𑑅
𑐥𑐬𑐩𑐵𑐞𑐸 𑐮𑑂𑐫𑐵	𑐟𑐟𑑂𑐰	𑐔𑐶𑑄
𑑕𑑗	𑐮𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐣𑑂𑐠𑐵𑐣𑐩 (Lanthanum)	La
𑑕𑑘	𑐳𑐶𑐬𑐶𑐫𑐩 (Cerium)	Ce
𑑕𑑙	𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐳𑐶𑐫𑑀𑐜𑐵𑐂𑐩𑐶𑐫𑐩 (Praseodymium)	Pr
𑑖𑑐	𑐣𑐶𑐫𑑀𑐜𑐵𑐂𑐩𑐶𑐫𑐩 (Neodymium)	Nd
𑑖𑑑	𑐥𑑂𑐬𑑀𑐩𑐾𑐠𑐶𑐫𑐩 (Promethium)	Pm
𑑖𑑒	𑐳𑐩𑐾𑐬𑐶𑐫𑐩 (Samarium)	Sm
𑑖𑑓	𑐫𑐸𑐬𑑀𑐥𑐶𑐫𑐩 (Europium)	Eu
𑑖𑑔	𑐐𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐜𑑀𑐮𑐶𑐣𑐶𑐫𑐩 (Gadolinium)	Gd
𑑖𑑕	𑐚𑐬𑑂𑐧𑐶𑐫𑐩 (Terbium)	Tb
𑑖𑑖	𑐜𑐶𑐳𑑂𑐥𑑂𑐬𑑀𑐳𑐶𑐫𑐩 (Dysprosium)	Dy
𑑖𑑗	𑐴𑑀𑐮𑑂𑐩𑐶𑐫𑐩 (Holmium)	Ho
𑑖𑑘	𑐀𑐬𑑂𑐧𑐶𑐫𑐩 (Erbium)	Er
𑑖𑑙	𑐠𑐸𑐮𑐶𑐫𑐩 (Thulium)	Tm
𑑗𑑐	𑐂𑐚𑐬𑑂𑐧𑐶𑐫𑐩 (Ytterbium)	Yb
𑑗𑑑	𑐮𑐸𑐚𑐾𑐚𑐶𑐫𑐩 (Lutetium)	Lu

𑐩𑐹 𑐰𑐶𑐱𑐾𑐲𑐟𑐵𑐟

𑐂𑐮𑐾𑐎𑑂𑐚𑑂𑐬𑑀𑐣𑐶𑐎 𑐰𑐶𑐣𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐳: 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐟𑐟𑑂𑐰𑐟𑐫𑐐𑐸 'f-orbital' 𑐎𑑂𑐬𑐩𑐶𑐎 𑐬𑐹𑐥𑑄 𑐖𑐵𑐫𑐾𑐎𑐵 𑐰𑐣𑐷, 𑐄𑐎𑐶𑑄 𑐠𑐸𑐩𑐶𑐟 'f-block' 𑐟𑐟𑑂𑐰 𑐣𑑄 𑐢𑐵𑐂।
𑐬𑐸𑐥: 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐦𑐸𑐎𑑂𑐎𑑄 𑐟𑐟𑑂𑐰𑐟 𑐟𑐸𑐫𑐹𑐐𑐸-𑐰𑐴𑑅 (Silvery-white) 𑐬𑑄𑐐𑐫𑐵 𑐢𑐵𑐟𑐸𑐟 𑐏𑑅।
𑐮𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐣𑑂𑐠𑐵𑐣𑐵𑐂𑐜 𑐳𑑄𑐎𑐸𑐔𑐣 (Lanthanide Contraction): 𑐥𑐬𑐩𑐵𑐞𑐸 𑐳𑑄𑐏𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐀𑐥𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐵 𑐰𑐣𑐾𑐧𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐥𑐬𑐩𑐵𑐞𑐸𑐫𑐵 𑐁𑐎𑐵𑐬 (Atomic radius) 𑐎𑑂𑐬𑐩𑐶𑐎 𑐬𑐹𑐥𑑄 𑐔𑐶𑐢𑑄 𑐖𑐸𑐫𑐵 𑐰𑐣𑐷𑐐𑐸 𑐕𑐐𑐹 𑐀𑐖𑐹𑐔𑐵𑐫𑐵𑐥𑐸𑐐𑐸 𑐰𑐶𑐱𑐾𑐲𑐟𑐵 𑐠𑐸𑐎𑐶𑑄 𑐎𑑂𑐫𑐣𑐷।

𑐁𑐢𑐸𑐣𑐶𑐎 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐰𑐶𑐢𑐶 𑐰 𑐰𑐵𑐞𑐶𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐫𑑂 𑐩𑐴𑐟𑑂𑐟𑑂𑐰

𑐁𑐢𑐸𑐣𑐶𑐎 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐰𑐶𑐢𑐶 𑐰 𑐰𑐵𑐞𑐶𑐖𑑂𑐫 𑐫𑑂 𑐮𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐣𑑂𑐠𑐵𑐣𑐵𑐂𑐜 𑐟𑐟𑑂𑐰𑐟𑐫𑑂𑐐𑐸 𑐟𑑅𑐢𑑄𑐐𑐸 𑐩𑐴𑐟𑑂𑐟𑑂𑐰 𑐡𑐸:

𑐱𑐎𑑂𑐟𑐶𑐱𑐵𑐮𑐷 𑐔𑐸𑐩𑑂𑐧𑐎: 𑐣𑐶𑐫𑑀𑐜𑐶𑐩𑐶𑐫𑐩 (Nd) 𑐕𑑂𑐫𑐮𑐵𑑅 𑐴𑐮𑐶𑑄𑐫𑐵 𑐡𑐎𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐱𑐎𑑂𑐟𑐶𑐱𑐵𑐮𑐷 𑐳𑑂𑐠𑐵𑐫𑐷 𑐔𑐸𑐩𑑂𑐧𑐎𑐟 𑐡𑐫𑐾𑐎𑐷, 𑐐𑐸𑐐𑐸 𑐂𑐮𑐾𑐎𑑂𑐚𑑂𑐬𑐶𑐎 𑐎𑐵𑐬𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑑂𑐴𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐳𑐵 (Engine) 𑐰 𑐦𑐫𑑂 𑐚𑐬𑑂𑐧𑐵𑐂𑐣𑐫𑑂 𑐕𑑂𑐫𑐮𑐶।
𑐂𑐮𑐾𑐎𑑂𑐚𑑂𑐬𑑀𑐣𑐶𑐎𑑂𑐳: 𑐳𑑂𑐩𑐵𑐬𑑂𑐚𑐦𑑀𑐣, 𑐮𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐥𑐚𑐥, 𑐰 𑐚𑐶𑐨𑐷𑐫𑐵 𑐳𑑂𑐎𑑂𑐬𑐶𑐣𑐫𑑂 𑐖𑑅 𑐰 𑐬𑐒𑑂𑐐 𑐴𑐫𑐾𑐟 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐟𑐟𑑂𑐰𑐟 𑐁𑐰𑐱𑑂𑐫𑐎 𑐖𑐸𑐂।
𑐮𑐾𑐖𑐬 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐰𑐶𑐢𑐶: 𑐱𑐮𑑂𑐫𑐎𑑂𑐬𑐶𑐫𑐵 𑐰 𑐱𑐮𑑂𑐫𑐔𑐶𑐎𑐶𑐟𑑂𑐳𑐵 𑐎𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐣𑑂𑐳𑐬 𑐰𑐶𑐖𑑂𑐘𑐵𑐣𑐫𑑂 𑐕𑑂𑐫𑐮𑐶𑐐𑐸 𑐮𑐾𑐖𑐬 𑐄𑐥𑐎𑐬𑐞𑐫𑑂 '𑐣𑐶𑐫𑑀𑐡𑐵𑐂𑐩𑐶𑐫𑐩-𑐫𑐵𑐐' (Nd:YAG) 𑐮𑐾𑐖𑐬 𑐕𑑂𑐫𑐮𑐶।
𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐔𑑂𑐕 𑐄𑐬𑑂𑐖𑐵: 𑐣𑐰𑐷𑐎𑐬𑐞𑐷𑐫 𑐄𑐬𑑂𑐖𑐵 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐰𑐶𑐢𑐶𑐂 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐟𑐟𑑂𑐰𑐟𑐫𑑂𑐐𑐸 𑐫𑐎𑑂𑐰 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐡𑐸।

𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐵𑐡𑐶𑐳𑑃

𑐟𑐟𑑂𑐟𑑂𑐰𑐩𑐵𑑄

𑐧𑑂𑐰𑐣𑐵𑐡𑐶𑐳𑑃

Cotton, S. (2006). Lanthanide and Actinide Chemistry.
Huang, C. H. (2010). Rare Earth Coordination Chemistry: Fundamentals and Applications.