छ्येलेमि:Eukesh/Auto/NepalScript/डाउन सिन्ड्रम

थ्व पौ देवनागरीं बोट छ्यला थःमंतुं नेपाललिपिइ हिलातःगु ख। थ्व पौयात च्वसु पतिइ यंकेन्ह्यः छकः ब्वनाः पाय्छि जू/मजूगू स्वयादिसँ।

A boy from Somalia with Down syndrome

Male adult with Down syndrome pictured centre in the photo

𑐜𑐵𑐄𑐣 𑐳𑐶𑐣𑑂𑐜𑑂𑐬𑐩
"वर्गीकरण व पिनेयागु श्रोत"

𑐜𑐵𑐄𑐣 𑐳𑐶𑐣𑑂𑐜𑑂𑐬𑐩 𑐡𑐸𑐩𑑂𑐴 𑐩𑐔𑐵𑐣𑑄 𑐊𑐮𑐾𑐎𑑂𑐚𑑂𑐬𑐶𑐎 𑐜𑑂𑐬𑐶𑐮 𑐕𑑂𑐫𑐮𑐵𑐔𑑂𑐰𑑄𑐐𑐸
ICD-10	Q90.
ICD-9	758.0
OMIM	𑑑𑑙𑑐𑑖𑑘𑑕
DiseasesDB	𑑓𑑘𑑙𑑘
मेडलाइन प्लस	𑑐𑑐𑑐𑑙𑑙𑑗
ईमेडिसिन	ped/𑑖𑑑𑑕

𑐜𑐵𑐄𑐣 𑐳𑐶𑐣𑑂𑐜𑑂𑐬𑐩 𑐰𑐵 𑐚𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐂𑐖𑑀𑐩𑐷 𑑒𑑑 (𑐜𑐵𑐄𑐣𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐳𑐶𑐣𑑂𑐜𑑂𑐬𑐩) 𑐕𑐐𑐹 𑐖𑐾𑐣𑐾𑐚𑐶𑐎 𑐜𑐶𑐳𑑂𑐀𑐬𑑂𑐜𑐬 𑐏𑑅 । 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐮𑑂𑐰𑐫𑑂 𑑒𑑑 𑐍𑑄 𑐎𑑂𑐬𑑀𑐩𑑀𑐖𑐩𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐥𑐹𑐬𑑂𑐞 𑐰𑐵 𑐁𑑄𑐱𑐶𑐎 𑐬𑐸𑐥𑑄 𑐩𑐵𑐟𑑂𑐬𑐵 𑐀𑐥𑑂𑐰𑑅 𑐖𑐸𑐫𑐵 𑐖𑐸𑐂𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑑅। 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐮𑑂𑐰𑐫𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑐵𑑄 𑐕𑐩𑑂𑐴 𑐧𑐾𑐮𑐵𑐫𑐟𑐷 𑐔𑐶𑐎𑐶𑐟𑑂𑐳𑐎 𑐖𑑀𑐴𑑂𑐣 𑐮𑑂𑐫𑐵𑑄𑐐𑑂𑐜𑐣 𑐜𑐵𑐄𑐣𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑐵𑐩𑑄 𑐰𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑑅 । 𑐰𑐫𑑂𑐎𑐮𑑄 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐮𑑂𑐰𑐫𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐰𑐬𑑂𑐞𑐣 𑑑𑑘𑑖𑑖 𑐳 𑐫𑐵𑐣𑐵𑐡𑐷𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑑅 । 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐀𑐰𑐳𑑂𑐠𑐵𑐫𑐵 𑐮𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐞 𑐗𑐷𑐐𑐸 𑐩𑑂𑐴𑐫𑐵 𑐀𑑄𑐐𑐫𑑂 𑐳𑐵𑐢𑐵𑐬𑐞 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐵𑑄 𑐀𑐥𑑂𑐰𑑅 𑐰𑐵 𑐩𑑂𑐴𑑀 𑐨𑐶𑐣𑑂𑐣𑐟𑐵 𑐡𑐫𑐵 𑐰𑐂𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑑅 । 𑐀𑐎𑑂𑐳𑐬 𑐜𑐵𑐄𑐣 𑐳𑐶𑐣𑑂𑐜𑑂𑐬𑐩𑐫𑑂 𑐎𑐐𑑂𑐣𑐶𑐚𑐶𑐨 𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐩𑐟𑐵 𑐰 𑐨𑑁𑐟𑐶𑐎 𑐰𑐶𑐎𑐵𑐳𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐣𑐵𑐥𑑄 𑐏𑑂𑐰𑐵𑑅𑐫𑐵 𑐔𑐴𑑅𑐥𑐴𑐮𑐫𑑂𑑂 𑐣𑑄 𑐎𑐩𑐷 𑐏𑐣𑐾𑐡𑐂 । 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐮𑑂𑐰𑐫𑑂 𑐀𑐥𑑂𑐰𑑅 𑐫𑐵𑐣𑐵 𑐩𑐔𑐵 𑐧𑐸𑐂𑐧𑐮𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐴𑐾 𑐳𑐶𑐂𑐡𑐂।

𑐜𑐵𑐄𑐣 𑐳𑐶𑐣𑑂𑐜𑑂𑐬𑑀𑐩 𑐡𑐸𑐥𑐶𑑄 𑐩𑐣𑐸𑐟𑐫𑑂 𑐍𑐳𑐟 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐵 𑐩𑑂𑐴𑑀 𑐎𑐐𑑂𑐣𑐶𑐚𑐶𑐨 𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐩𑐟𑐵 (𑐴𑐮𑑂𑐎𑐵𑐣𑐶𑐳𑐾𑑄 𑐩𑐢𑑂𑐫𑐩 𑐳𑐸𑐳𑑂𑐟 𑐩𑐣𑐳𑑂𑐠𑐶𑐟𑐶) 𑐡𑐫𑐾𑐦𑐸 । 𑐰𑐿𑐎𑐵𑐳𑐶𑐎 𑐀𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐩𑐟𑐵 𑐀𑐥𑑂𑐰𑑅 𑐫𑐵𑐣𑐵 𑐣𑐵𑐂𑐨𑐶𑐚𑐷𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐬𑐸𑐥𑐫𑑂 𑐏𑐣𑐾 𑐡𑐂 । 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐮𑑂𑐰𑐫𑑂 𑐡𑐸𑐥𑐶𑐣𑐶𑑄 𑐩𑐢𑑂𑐫𑐫𑑂 𑐳𑐸𑐫𑐵𑐟𑑄 𑐳𑐸𑐫𑐵𑐟𑑄 𑐀𑐟𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐢𑐶𑐎 𑐰𑐵 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑑀𑐦𑐵𑐄𑐣𑑂𑐜 𑐳𑐸𑐳𑑂𑐟 𑐩𑐣𑐳𑑂𑐠𑐶𑐟𑐶 𑐏𑐣𑐾𑐡𑐂 । 𑐣𑑂𑐴𑐹𑐧𑐹𑐥𑐶𑑄 𑐩𑐳𑑂𑐟𑐫𑐾𑐎𑐾 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐮𑑂𑐰𑐫𑑂 𑐔𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐳 (𑑘𑑐𑑐) 𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐕𑐩𑑂𑐴 𑐰𑐵 𑐡𑑂𑐰𑑅𑐕𑐶 (𑑑𑑐𑑐𑑐) 𑐂 𑐕𑐩𑑂𑐴𑐳𑐶𑐟 𑐏𑐣𑐾𑐡𑐂 ।

𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐮𑑂𑐰𑐔𑐫𑑂 𑐫𑐎𑑂𑐰 𑐱𑐵𑐬𑐷𑐬𑐶𑐎 𑐮𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐞 𑐳𑐵𑐢𑐵𑐬𑐞 𑐎𑑂𑐬𑑀𑐩𑑀𑐖𑐩 𑐡𑐸𑐐𑐸 𑐩𑐣𑐹 𑐟𑐫𑐾𑐎𑐾 𑐣𑑄 𑐏𑐣𑐾𑐡𑐂 । 𑐠𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐮𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐞𑐟 𑐠𑐸 𑐎𑐠𑑄 𑐡𑐸 - 𑐕𑐥𑐵 𑐰𑐵 𑐣𑐶𑐥𑐵𑑄 𑐮𑑂𑐴𑐵𑐟𑐫𑑂 𑐣𑐶𑐐𑐸𑐫𑐵 𑐠𑐵𑐳𑐫𑑂 𑐕𑐐𑐸 𑐖𑐎𑑂𑐎 𑐚𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐣𑑂𑐳𑑂𑐨𑐬𑑂𑐳 𑐥𑐵𑐩𑐬 𑐬𑐾𑐏𑐵: 𑐡𑐂, 𑐩𑐶𑐏𑐵 𑐢𑐎𑐶𑑄𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐂𑐥𑐶𑐎𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐣𑑂𑐠𑐶𑐎 𑐦𑑀𑐮𑑂𑐜𑑄 𑐫𑐵𑐣𑐵 𑐩𑐬𑑂𑐳𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐧𑐬𑐵𑑄 𑐠𑐾𑑄 𑐣𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐐: 𑐩𑐶𑐏𑐵 𑐡𑐂, 𑐔𑐷𑐴𑐵𑐎𑐐𑐸 𑐟𑐸𑐟𑐶 𑐡𑐂, 𑐰 𑐥𑐶𑐴𑐵𑑄 𑐰𑐫𑐵𑐔𑑂𑐰𑑄𑐐𑐸 (protruding) 𑐩𑐾 𑐡𑐂 । 𑐄𑐳𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐎𑐠𑑄 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐫𑑂 𑐧𑐮𑐾 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐮𑑂𑐰𑐫𑑂 𑐡𑐸𑐥𑐶𑑄 𑐩𑐣𑐹 𑐟𑐫𑐾𑐟 𑐎𑐣𑑂𑐖𑐾𑐣𑐵𑐂𑐚𑐮 𑐣𑐸𑐐: 𑐮𑑂𑐰𑐫𑑂, 𑐐𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐳𑑂𑐚𑑂𑐬𑑀𑐂𑐳𑑀𑐦𑐾𑐖𑐶𑐫𑐮 𑐬𑐶𑐦𑑂𑐮𑐎𑑂𑐳 𑐮𑑂𑐰𑐫𑑂, 𑐬𑐶𑐎𑐬𑐾𑐣𑑂𑐚 𑐣𑑂𑐴𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐫𑑂𑐥𑑄𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐳𑑄𑐎𑑂𑐬𑐩𑐞, 𑐀𑐧𑑂𑐳𑑂𑐚𑑂𑐬𑐎𑑂𑐚𑐶𑐨 𑐳𑑂𑐮𑐶𑐥 𑐀𑐥𑑂𑐣𑐶𑐫𑐵 𑐰 𑐠𑐵𑐂𑐬𑑀𑐂𑐫𑐵 𑐮𑑂𑐰𑐫𑑂 𑐖𑐸𑐂𑐐𑐸 𑐳𑐩𑑂𑐨𑐵𑐰𑐣𑐵 𑐀𑐥𑑂𑐰: 𑐡𑐂 ।

𑐧𑐵𑐮𑑂𑐫𑐎𑐵𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐣𑑂𑐴𑐵𑐥𑐵𑑄 𑐂𑐣𑑂𑐚𑐬𑐨𑐾𑐣𑑂𑐳𑐣, 𑐳𑐵𑐩𑐵𑐣𑑂𑐫 𑐮𑑂𑐰𑐫𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑐶𑑄𑐟𑐶𑑄 𑐳𑑂𑐎𑑂𑐬𑐶𑐣𑐶𑑄𑐐, 𑐩𑐵𑐮𑐷𑐧𑐮𑐾 𑐔𑐶𑐎𑐶𑐟𑑂𑐳𑐵𑑄 𑐮𑑄𑐎𑐶𑐐𑐸, 𑐧𑐵𑑄𑐮𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐥𑐵𑐬𑐶𑐰𑐵𑐬𑐶𑐎 𑐰𑐵𑐟𑐵𑐰𑐬𑐞 𑐰 𑐨𑑀𑐎𑐾𑐳𑐣𑐮𑑂 𑐚𑑂𑐬𑐾𑐣𑐶𑑄𑐐 𑐣𑑄 𑐜𑐵𑐄𑐣 𑐳𑐶𑐣𑑂𑐜𑑂𑐬𑐩 𑐡𑐸𑐩𑑂𑐴 𑐩𑐔𑐵𑐫𑐵 𑐰𑐶𑐎𑐵𑐳𑐫𑑂 𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐵𑐴𑐵𑐮𑐶 𑐫𑐵𑐂 । 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐮𑑂𑐰𑐫𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐕𑐸𑑄 𑐖𑐾𑐣𑐾𑐚𑐶𑐎 𑐀𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐩𑐟𑐵𑐫𑐵𑐟 𑐮𑑄𑐎𑐾 𑐩𑐦𑐸𑐳𑐵𑑄 𑐱𑐶𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐵 𑐰 𑐄𑐔𑐶𑐟 𑐳𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐴𑐵𑐬𑑄 𑐩𑐔𑐵𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐖𑐷𑐰𑐣𑐳𑑂𑐟𑐬 𑐠𑐎𑐵𑐫𑐾𑐟 𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐵𑐴𑐵𑐮𑐶 𑐫𑐵𑐂 ।

𑐮𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐞

𑐜𑐵𑐄𑐣 𑐳𑐶𑐣𑑂𑐜𑑂𑐬𑐩 𑐡𑐸𑐥𑐶𑑄𑐎𑐾 𑐎𑑂𑐰𑐫𑑂 𑐧𑐶𑐫𑐵𑐟:𑐐𑐸 𑐮𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐞𑐫𑑂 𑐦𑐸𑐎𑑂𑐎𑑄 𑐰𑐵 𑐕𑐸𑑄 𑐮𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐞 𑐡𑐂 𑐀𑐧𑑂𑐮𑐶𑐎 𑐩𑐶𑐏𑐵 𑐦𑐶𑐖𑐬 𑐣𑐵𑐥𑑄 𑐩𑐶𑐏𑐵𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐐𑐸𑐣𑐾𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐎𑐸𑐣𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐂𑐥𑐶𑐎𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐣𑑂𑐠𑐶𑐎 𑐦𑑀𑐮𑑂𑐜, 𑐩𑐳𑐮 𑐴𑐵𑐂𑐥𑑀𑐚𑑀𑐣𑐶𑐫𑐵 (𑐮𑐵𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐚𑑀𑐣 𑐩𑑂𑐴𑑀 𑐖𑐸𑐂𑐐𑐸), 𑐳𑐩𑐠𑐬 𑐣𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐳𑐮 𑐧𑑂𑐬𑐶𑐖, 𑐕𑐐𑐸 𑐕𑐐𑐸 𑐖𑐎𑑂𑐎 𑐚𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐣𑑂𑐳𑑂𑐨𑐬𑑂𑐳 𑐥𑐵𑐩𑐬 𑐬𑐾𑐏𑐵 (𑐳𑐶𑐩𑐶𑐫𑐣 𑐎𑑂𑐬𑐶𑐖 𑐣𑑄 𑐢𑐵𑐃), 𑐥𑐶𑐴𑐵𑑄 𑐰𑐿𑐔𑑂𑐰𑐣𑐶𑐐𑐸 (protruding) 𑐩𑐾 (𑐔𑐷𑐥𑑂𑐰𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐩𑑂𑐴𑐸𑐟𑐸 𑐰 𑐚𑐣𑑂𑐳𑐶𑐮 𑐣𑐵𑐥𑑄 𑐟𑐡𑑄𑐐𑐸 𑐩𑐾 𑐣𑑄 𑐫𑐵𑐣𑐵 𑐠𑐾 𑐖𑐸𑐂𑐐𑐸 𑐏:), 𑐔𑐷𑐴𑐵𑐎𑐐𑐸 𑐐:𑐥, 𑐁𑐂𑐬𑐶𑐳𑐫𑑂 𑐧𑑂𑐬𑐱𑐦𑐶𑐮𑑂𑐜 𑐳𑑂𑐥𑐚 𑐣𑐵𑑄𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐟𑐸𑐫𑐸𑐐𑐸 𑐳𑑂𑐥𑐚, 𑐖𑑀𑐬𑑂𑐣𑐷𑐫𑑂 𑐫𑐎𑑂𑐰 𑐦𑑂𑐮𑐾𑐎𑑂𑐖𑐶𑐧𑐶𑐮𑐶𑐚𑐷, 𑐎𑐣𑑂𑐖𑐾𑐣𑐵𑐂𑐚𑐮 𑐣𑐸𑐐 𑐮𑑂𑐰𑐾, 𑐟𑐸𑐟𑐶𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐧𑐸𑐢𑐵 𑐥𑐟𑐶𑑄 𑐰 𑐩𑐾𑐐𑐸 𑐥𑐟𑐶𑑄𑐫𑐵 𑐡𑐠𑐸𑐂 𑐟𑐢𑑄𑐐𑐸 𑐴𑑂𑐰, 𑐰 𑑕𑐥𑐸 𑐥𑐟𑐶𑑄𑐏𑐫𑑂 𑐕𑐐𑐸 𑐦𑑂𑐮𑐾𑐎𑑂𑐖𑐶𑐫𑐣 𑐦𑐬𑑀 (furrow)। 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐮𑑂𑐰𑐫𑑂 𑐡𑐸𑐐𑐸 𑐀𑐥𑑂𑐰: 𑐩𑐣𑐹𑐟𑐫𑐾𑐐𑐸 𑐳𑐸𑐳𑑂𑐟 𑐩𑐣𑐳𑑂𑐠𑐶𑐟𑐶 𑐴𑐮𑑂𑐎𑐵(IQ 50–70)𑐣𑐶𑐳𑐾𑑄 𑐩𑐢𑑂𑐫𑐩 (IQ 35–50) 𑐟𑐎𑑂𑐎, 𑐖𑐸𑐂। 𑐩𑑀𑐖𑐵𑐂𑐎 𑐜𑐵𑐄𑐣 𑐳𑐶𑐣𑑂𑐜𑑂𑐬𑐩 𑐡𑐸𑐥𑐶𑐣𑐶𑐐𑐸 𑐩𑐾𑐐𑐸 𑐜𑐵𑐄𑐣 𑐳𑐶𑐣𑑂𑐜𑑂𑐬𑐩 𑐡𑐸𑐥𑐶𑐣𑐶𑐐𑐸 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐵 𑑑𑑐-𑑓𑑐 𑐀𑑄𑐎 𑐀𑐥𑑂𑐰 𑐡𑐫𑐵𑐔𑑂𑐰𑑄𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑐣𑐾 𑐡𑐸। 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐮𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐞 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐵 𑐥𑐶𑐣𑐾 𑐜𑐵𑐄𑐣 𑐳𑐶𑐣𑑂𑐜𑑂𑐬𑑀𑐩 𑐡𑐸𑐥𑐶𑑄𑐎𑐾 𑐩𑑂𑐴𑐫𑑂 𑐀𑐳𑐬 𑐫𑐵𑐂𑐐𑐸 𑐩𑐾𑐩𑐾𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑐟𑐬𑐵 𑐮𑑂𑐰𑐫𑑂 𑐣𑑄 𑐡𑐫𑐾𑐦𑐸 ।

𑐖𑐾𑐣𑐾𑐚𑐶𑐎𑑂𑐳

[[𑐎𑐶𑐥𑐵:Down_Syndrome_Karyotype.png|right|thumb|𑐜𑐵𑐄𑐣 𑐳𑐶𑐣𑑂𑐜𑑂𑐬𑐩𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐚𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐂𑐖𑑀𑐩𑐷𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑐶𑑄𑐟𑐶𑑄𑐎𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐬𑑂𑐫𑑀𑐚𑐵𑐂𑐥, 𑐎𑑂𑐬𑑀𑐩𑑀𑐖𑐩 𑑒𑑑𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑑄𑐐𑐸 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐟𑐶 𑐏𑐣𑐾 𑐡𑐸]] 𑐜𑐵𑐄𑐣 𑐳𑐶𑐣𑑂𑐜𑑂𑐬𑐩 𑐕𑐐𑐸 𑐎𑑂𑐬𑑀𑐩𑑀𑐖𑑀𑐩𑐮 𑐀𑐳𑐵𑐩𑐵𑐣𑑂𑐫𑐟𑐵 𑐏𑑅 । 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐀𑐳𑐵𑐩𑐵𑐣𑑂𑐫𑐟𑐵 𑐎𑑂𑐬𑑀𑐩𑑀𑐖𑐩 𑑒𑑑𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐥𑐹𑐬𑑂𑐞 𑐰𑐵 𑐁𑑄𑐱𑐶𑐎 𑐬𑐸𑐥𑐫𑑂(𑐎𑑂𑐬𑑀𑐩𑑀𑐖𑐩𑐮 𑐚𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐣𑑂𑐳𑑂𑐮𑑀𑐎𑐾𑐳𑐣) 𑐕𑐐𑐸 𑐀𑐥𑑂𑐰: 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐟𑐶𑐱𑐟 𑐡𑐫𑐵 𑐖𑐸𑐂𑐐𑐸 𑐀𑐳𑐵𑐩𑐵𑐣𑑂𑐫𑐟𑐵 𑐏𑑅। 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐕𑐐𑐸 𑐀𑐥𑑂𑐰: 𑐎𑑂𑐬𑑀𑐩𑑀𑐖𑐩𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐨𑐵𑐰 𑐀𑐥𑑂𑐰:𑐐𑐸 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐟𑐶𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐩𑐵𑐟𑑂𑐬𑐵, 𑐖𑐾𑐣𑐾𑐚𑐶𑐎 𑐥𑐺𑐲𑑂𑐛𑐨𑐹𑐩𑐶, 𑐰𑐵𑐟𑐵𑐰𑐬𑐞𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐀𑐰𑐳𑑂𑐠𑐵 𑐰 𑐨𑐵𑐐𑑂𑐫 (𑐬𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐬𑑂𑐣𑑂𑐜𑐩 𑐔𑐵𑐣𑑂𑐳)𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐁𑐢𑐵𑐬𑐫𑑂 𑐩𑐣𑐹𑐥𑐟𑐶𑐎𑑄 𑐥𑐵:। 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐮𑑂𑐰𑐾 𑐩𑐣𑐹𑐟𑐫𑐾𑐐𑐸 𑐦𑐸𑐎𑑄 𑐄𑐥𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐖𑐵𑐟𑐶𑐂 𑐏𑐣𑐾 𑐡𑐸 𑐰 𑐊𑐣𑐵𑐮𑐐𑐳 𑐀𑐳𑐬 𑐩𑐾𑐩𑐾𑐐𑐸 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐞𑐷 𑐐𑐠𑐾 𑐎𑐶 𑐔𑐶𑐩𑑂𑐥𑐵𑐣𑑂𑐖𑐷 𑐟𑐫𑐾𑐎𑐾 𑐣𑑄 𑐏𑐣𑐾 𑐡𑐸। and mice. Recently, researchers have created transgenic mice with most of human chromosome 21 (in addition to the normal mouse chromosomes). 𑐎𑑂𑐬𑑀𑐩𑑀𑐖𑐩𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐀𑐥𑑂𑐰:𑐐𑐸 𑐥𑐡𑐵𑐬𑑂𑐠 𑐠𑐷𑐠𑐷 𑐎𑐠𑑄 𑐰𑐫𑑂 𑐦𑐸। 𑐕𑐐𑐸 𑐳𑐵𑐢𑐵𑐬𑐞 𑐩𑐣𑐹𑐫𑐵 𑐎𑐾𑐬𑑂𑐫𑑀𑐚𑐵𑐂𑐥𑐫𑐵𑐟 𑑔𑑖,XX 𑐰𑐵 𑑔𑑖,XY 𑐣𑑄 𑐃𑑄𑐐𑐷𑐟 𑐫𑐵𑐂, 𑐠𑐸𑐎𑐶𑑄 𑑔𑑖𑐐𑐸 𑐎𑑂𑐬𑑀𑐩𑑀𑐖𑐩𑐫𑑂 XX 𑐰𑑂𑐫𑐰𑐳𑑂𑐠𑐵 𑐖𑐾𑐣𑐾𑐚𑐶𑐎 𑐩𑐶𑐳𑐵𑐟𑐫𑐾𑐐𑐸 𑐣𑐶𑑄𑐟𑐶𑑄 𑐰 XY 𑐰𑑂𑐫𑐰𑐳𑑂𑐠𑐵 𑐖𑐾𑐩𑐾𑐚𑐶𑐎 𑐩𑐶𑐖𑑄 𑐟𑐫𑐾𑐐𑐸 𑐣𑐶𑑄𑐟𑐶𑑄 𑐢𑐎𑐵 𑐖𑐣𑐵𑐄 𑐫𑐵𑐂।

𑐚𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐂𑐖𑑀𑐩𑐷 𑑒𑑑

𑐚𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐂𑐖𑑀𑐩𑐷 𑑒𑑑 (𑑔𑑗,XX,+𑑒𑑑) 𑐩𑐵𑐫𑑀𑐳𑐶𑐳𑐫𑑂 𑐣𑐣𑐜𑐶𑐳𑑂𑐖𑐣𑑂𑐎𑑂𑐳𑐣𑑄𑐫𑐵𑐣𑐵 𑐖𑐸𑐂 । 𑐣𑐵𑐣𑑂𑐜𑐶𑐳𑑂𑐖𑐣𑑂𑐎𑑂𑐳𑐣𑑄 𑐎𑑂𑐬𑑀𑐩𑑀𑐖𑐩 𑑒𑑑 𑐀𑐥𑑂𑐰: 𑐡𑐸𑐐𑐸 𑐕𑐐𑐸 𑐐𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐩𑐾𑐚 (𑐱𑐸𑐎𑑂𑐬𑐎𑐶𑐚 𑐰𑐵 𑐏𑐾𑑄 𑐎𑑀𑐲) 𑐡𑐫𑐵𑐰𑐂; 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐐𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐩𑐾𑐚𑐫𑑂 𑐀𑐟𑑅 𑑒𑑔𑐐𑐸 𑐎𑑂𑐬𑑀𑐩𑑀𑐖𑐩 𑐡𑐂 । 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐐𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐩𑐾𑐟 𑐩𑐾𑐐𑐸 𑐕𑐐𑐸 𑐳𑐵𑐢𑐵𑐬𑐞 𑐐𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐩𑐾𑐚 𑐣𑐵𑐥 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐵𑐣𑐵 𑑔𑑗𑐐𑐸 𑐎𑑂𑐬𑑀𑐩𑑀𑐖𑐩 (𑐳𑑂𑐰𑑄𑐐𑐸 𑐎𑑂𑐬𑑀𑐩𑑀𑐖𑐩 𑑒𑑑) 𑐡𑐸𑐐𑐸 𑐨𑑂𑐬𑐹𑐞 𑐡𑐫𑐾𑐎𑐷। 𑐜𑐵𑐄𑐣 𑐳𑐶𑐣𑑂𑐜𑑂𑐬𑐩𑐫𑑂 𑑙𑑕% 𑐫𑑂 𑐚𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐂𑐖𑑀𑐩𑐷 𑑒𑑑 𑐡𑐿 𑐐𑐸𑐎𑐷 𑑘𑑘% 𑐩𑐵𑑄𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐐𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐩𑐾𑐚𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐣𑐣𑐜𑐶𑐳𑑂𑐖𑐣𑑂𑐎𑑂𑐳𑐣 𑐰 𑑘% 𑐀𑐧𑐸𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐐𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐩𑐾𑐚𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐣𑐣-𑐜𑐶𑐳𑑂𑐖𑐣𑑂𑐎𑑂𑐳𑐣𑑄 𑐫𑐵𑐣𑐵 𑐖𑐸𑐂।

𑐩𑑀𑐖𑐵𑐂𑐳𑐶𑐖𑐩

𑐚𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐂𑐖𑑀𑐩𑐷 𑑒𑑑 𑐀𑐥𑑂𑐰 𑐫𑐵𑐣𑐵 𑐎𑐣𑑂𑐳𑐾𑐥𑑂𑐳𑐣 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑑂𑐴𑑂𑐫: 𑐖𑐸𑐂 𑐰 𑐧𑐸𑐂𑐩𑑂𑐴 𑐩𑐔𑐵𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐥𑐹𑐬𑑂𑐞 𑐩𑑂𑐴𑐫𑐵𑐟 𑐀𑐳𑐬 𑐫𑐵𑐂 । 𑐐𑐧𑑂𑐮𑐾𑑄 𑐐𑐧𑑂𑐮𑐾𑑄 𑐩𑐣𑐹𑐫𑐵 𑐩𑑂𑐴𑐫𑑂 𑐕𑐸𑑄 𑐎𑑀𑐲 𑐳𑐵𑐩𑐵𑐣𑑂𑐫 𑐰 𑐩𑐾𑐩𑐾𑐐𑐸 𑐎𑑀𑐲𑐫𑑂 𑐚𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐂𑐖𑑀𑐩𑐷 𑑒𑑑 𑐏𑐣𑐾 𑐡𑐂 । 𑐠𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵:𑐐𑐸 𑐀𑐰𑐳𑑂𑐠𑐵𑐫𑐵𑐟 𑐩𑑀𑐖𑐵𑐂𑐳𑐶𑐖𑐩 𑐰𑐵 𑐩𑑀𑐖𑐵𑐫𑐎 𑐜𑐵𑐄𑐣 𑐳𑐶𑐣𑑂𑐜𑑂𑐬𑐩 𑐢𑐵𑐃 (𑑔𑑖,XX/𑑔𑑗,XX,+𑑒𑑑)। 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐀𑐰𑐳𑑂𑐠𑐵 𑐣𑐶𑐐𑐸 𑐎𑐠𑑄 𑐖𑐸𑐂𑐦𑐸 𑐳𑐵𑐢𑐵𑐬𑐞 𑐨𑑂𑐬𑐹𑐞𑐫𑑂 𑐎𑑀𑐲𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐣𑑂𑐴𑐵𑐥𑐵𑑄𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐰𑐶𑐨𑐵𑐖𑐣𑐫𑑂 𑐕𑐐𑐸 𑐣𑐣𑐜𑐶𑐳𑑂𑐖𑐣𑑂𑐎𑑂𑐳𑐣𑑄 𑐫𑐵𑐣𑐵 𑐕𑐐𑐸 𑐥𑐸𑐔: 𑐚𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐂𑐖𑑀𑐩𑐷 𑑒𑑑 𑐡𑐸𑐐𑐸 𑐎𑑀𑐲 𑐡𑐫𑐵𑐰𑐂𑐐𑐸 ; 𑐰𑐵 𑐕𑐐𑐸 𑐜𑐵𑐄𑐣 𑐳𑐶𑐣𑑂𑐜𑑂𑐬𑐩 𑐡𑐸𑐐𑐸 𑐨𑑂𑐬𑐹𑐞𑐫𑑂 𑐣𑑂𑐴𑐵𑐥𑐵𑑄𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐰𑐶𑐨𑐵𑐖𑐣𑐫𑑂 𑐣𑐣𑐜𑐶𑐳𑑂𑐖𑐣𑑂𑐎𑑂𑐳𑐣 𑐖𑐸𑐫𑐵 𑐕𑐐𑐸 𑐥𑐸𑐔𑑅 𑐎𑑀𑐲 𑐳𑐵𑐢𑐵𑐬𑐞𑐫𑑂 𑐮𑐶𑐴𑐵𑑄 𑐰𑐂𑐐𑐸 । 𑐚𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐂𑐖𑑀𑐩𑐷 𑑒𑑑𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐁𑑄𑐱𑐶𑐎 𑐬𑐸𑐥𑐫𑑂 𑐦𑐸𑐎𑑂𑐎𑑄 𑐩𑑂𑐴𑐫𑑂 𑐰𑐵 𑐣𑐶𑐱𑑂𑐔𑐶𑐟 𑐟𑐣𑑂𑐟𑐸𑐂 𑐫𑐎𑑂𑐰 𑐨𑐶𑐣𑑂𑐣𑐟𑐵 𑐏𑐣𑐾 𑐡𑐸। 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐀𑐰𑐳𑑂𑐠𑐵 𑐜𑐵𑐄𑐣 𑐳𑐶𑐣𑑂𑐜𑑂𑐬𑐩𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑑑-𑑒% 𑐏𑑄𑐐𑐸 𑐮𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐾𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐴𑐸𑐣𑐶𑑄 (𑐎𑐵𑐬𑐞𑑄) 𑐏𑑅।

𑐬𑑀𑐧𑐬𑑂𑐚𑐳𑑀𑐣𑐶𑐫𑐣 𑐚𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐣𑑂𑐳𑑂𑐮𑑀𑐎𑐾𑐳𑐣

𑐎𑑂𑐬𑑀𑐩𑑀𑐖𑐩 𑑒𑑑 𑐀𑐥𑑂𑐰𑐂𑐐𑐸 𑐬𑑀𑐧𑐬𑑂𑐚𑐳𑑀𑐣𑐶𑐫𑐣 𑐚𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐣𑑂𑐳𑑂𑐮𑑀𑐎𑐾𑐳𑐣𑑄𑐫𑐵𑐣𑐵 𑐣𑑄 𑐖𑐸𑐐𑐸 𑐖𑐸𑐂 𑐦𑐸 । 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐀𑐰𑐳𑑂𑐠𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐎𑑂𑐬𑑀𑐩𑑀𑐖𑐩 𑑒𑑑𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐳𑐩𑑂𑐧𑐣𑑂𑐢 𑐩𑐾𑐐𑐸 𑐎𑑂𑐬𑑀𑐩𑑀𑐖𑐩 𑐣𑐵𑐥 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐵𑐣𑐵 𑐔𑑂𑐰𑐣𑐶, 𑐀𑐥𑐵𑐮𑑄 𑐬𑑂𑐎𑑀𑐩𑑀𑐖𑐩 𑑑𑑔 𑐣𑐵𑐥 (𑑔𑑕,XX,t(𑑑𑑔;𑑒𑑑q)) 𑐰𑐵 𑐠: 𑐣𑐵𑐥(𑐁𑐂𑐳𑑀𑐎𑑂𑐬𑑀𑐩𑑀𑐖𑐩, 𑑔𑑕,XX,t(𑑒𑑑q;𑑒𑑑q)) 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐵𑐂 । 𑐳𑐵𑐢𑐵𑐬𑐞 𑐜𑐶𑐳𑑂𑐖𑐣𑑂𑐎𑑂𑐳𑐣𑑄 𑐡𑐂𑐐𑐸 𑐐𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐩𑐾𑐚𑐫𑑂 𑐕𑐐𑐸 𑐎𑑂𑐬𑑀𑐩𑑀𑐖𑐩 𑑒𑑑 𑐀𑐥𑑂𑐰: 𑐡𑐸𑐐𑐸 𑐐𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐩𑐾𑐚 𑐡𑐂𑐐𑐸 𑐳𑐩𑑂𑐨𑐵𑐰𑐣𑐵 𑐡𑐸 । 𑐠𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐜𑐵𑐄𑐣 𑐳𑐶𑐣𑑂𑐜𑑂𑐬𑐩𑐫𑐵𑐟 𑐦𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐩𑐶𑐮𑐶𑐫𑐩 𑐜𑐵𑐄𑐣 𑐳𑐶𑐣𑑂𑐜𑑂𑐬𑐩 𑐣𑑄 𑐢𑐵𑐂 । 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑑒-𑑓% 𑐜𑐵𑐄𑐣 𑐳𑐶𑐣𑑂𑐜𑑂𑐬𑐩𑐫𑑂 𑐏𑐣𑐾 𑐡𑐿। 𑐠𑐸𑐎𑐷 𑐩𑐵𑑄𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐁𑐫𑐸𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐀𑐳𑐬 𑐡𑐿 𑐩𑐏𑐸 𑐰 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐩𑐵𑑄 𑐰 𑐀𑐧𑐸 𑐣𑐶𑐏𑐾𑑄 𑐥𑐵𑐏𑐾 𑐄𑐟𑑂𑐟𑐶𑐎𑑄 𑐴𑐾 𑐰𑐫𑑂 𑐦𑐸।

𑐎𑑂𑐬𑑀𑐩𑑀𑐖𑐩 𑑒𑑑𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐁𑑄𑐱𑐶𑐎 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐟𑐶𑐮𑐶𑐥𑐶𑐎𑐬𑐞

𑐐𑐧𑑂𑐮𑐾𑑄 𑐐𑐧𑑂𑐮𑐾𑑄 𑐎𑑂𑐬𑑀𑐩𑑀𑐖𑐩 𑑒𑑑𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐕𑐐𑐸 𑐨𑐵𑐐 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐟𑐶𑐮𑐶𑐥𑐶𑐎𑐬𑐞 (duplication) 𑐖𑐸𑐂। 𑐠𑐸𑐎𑐶𑐂 (𑑔𑑖,XX,dup(𑑒𑑑q)) 𑐎𑑂𑐬𑑀𑐩𑑀𑐖𑐩 𑑒𑑑𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐕𑐸𑑄 𑐖𑐷𑐣, 𑐟𑐬 𑐦𑐸𑐎𑑂𑐎𑑄 𑐩𑐏𑐸, 𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐀𑐥𑑂𑐰 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐟𑐶 𑐡𑐿 । 𑐫𑐡𑐷 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐟𑐶𑐮𑐶𑐥𑐶𑐎𑐬𑐞 𑐖𑐹𑐐𑐸 𑐖𑐷𑐣𑐫𑑂 𑐱𑐵𑐬𑐷𑐬𑐶𑐎 𑐰 𑐩𑐵𑐣𑐳𑐶𑐎 𑐰𑐶𑐎𑐮𑐵𑑄𑐐𑐟𑐵 𑐡𑐫𑐾𑐎𑐷𑐐𑐸 𑐐𑐸𑐞 𑐡𑐸 𑐳𑐵 𑐰 𑐩𑐣𑐹𑐣𑑄 𑐰𑐶𑐎𑐮𑐵𑑄𑐐𑐟𑐵𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐮𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐞 𑐎𑑂𑐫𑐣𑐶। 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐳𑐶𑐎𑑂𑐎 𑐴𑐾 𑐩𑑂𑐴𑑀 𑐀𑐰𑐳𑑂𑐠𑐵 𑐏𑑅 𑐰 𑐠𑐸𑐎𑐶𑐫𑐵 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐟𑐶𑐱𑐟 𑐟𑐫𑐵𑐟𑐐𑐸 𑐩𑐡𑐸।

𑐳𑐦𑐹 :

• Beck, M.N. (1999). Expecting Adam. New York: Berkley Books.
• Buckley, S. (2000). Living with Down Syndrome. Portsmouth, UK: The Down Syndrome Educational Trust.
• Down Syndrome Research Foundation (2005). Bright Beginnings: A Guide for New Parents. Buckinghamshire, UK: Down Syndrome Research Foundation.
• Hassold, T.J., D. Patterson, eds. (1999). Down Syndrome: A Promising Future, Together. New York: Wiley Liss.
• Kingsley, J., M. Levitz (1994). Count Us In: Growing up with Down Syndrome. San Diego: Harcourt Brace.
• Pueschel, S.M., M. Sustrova, eds. (1997). Adolescents with Down Syndrome: Toward a More Fulfilling Life. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
• Selikowitz, M. (1997). Down Syndrome: The Facts, 2nd edition, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
• Van Dyke, D.C., P.J. Mattheis, S. Schoon Eberly, J. Williams (1995). Medical and Surgical Care for Children with Down Syndrome. Bethesda, MD: Woodbine House.
• Zuckoff, M. (2002). Choosing Naia: A Family's Journey. New York: Beacon Press.

𑐥𑐶𑐣𑐾𑐫𑐵 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐵𑐥𑐹 :

For comprehensive lists of Down syndrome links see

• Directory of Down Syndrome Internet Sites (US based, but contains international links)
• UK resources for Down's syndrome

𑐳𑑄𑐳𑑂𑐠𑐵 𑐰 𑐐𑐸𑐠𑐶𑐟 :

• Down Syndrome International
• The Down Syndrome Educational Trust

𑐡𑐾 𑐎𑐠𑑄

• Canadian Down Syndrome Society (Canada)
• Down Syndrome Research Foundation (Canada)
• Down's Syndrome Scotland (Scotland)
• Down's Syndrome Association UK (Not including Scotland)
• Down's Syndrome Research Foundation (UK)
• National Down Syndrome Society (USA)
• National Down Syndrome Congress (USA)
• International Mosaic Down Syndrome Association (USA)
• Down's Heart Group (heart conditions related to Down's Syndrome)

𑐧𑐿𑐛𑐎 𑐰 𑐐𑑀𑐲𑑂𑐛𑐷

• 9th World Down Syndrome Congress (2006, Vancouver)
• Bright Beginnings Conference for Parents and Professionals (2006, London) -- Report