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देवनागरीइ ब्वनेत: ग्वसाः-ग्वयेज्या तियादिसँ

थ्व पौ देवनागरीं बोट छ्यला थःमंतुं नेपाललिपिइ हिलातःगु ख। थ्व पौयात च्वसु पतिइ यंकेन्ह्यः छकः ब्वनाः पाय्छि जू/मजूगू स्वयादिसँ। 𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐳𑐵𑑅-𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐾𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵 (𑐣𑐾𑐥𑐵𑐮𑐨𑐵𑐲𑐵: 𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐳𑐵𑑅 + 𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐾𑐐𑐸 + 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵, 𑐀𑑄𑐐𑑂𑐬𑐾𑐖𑐷: Management, 𑐳𑑄𑐳𑑂𑐎𑐺𑐟: 𑐰𑑂𑐫𑐰𑐳𑑂𑐠𑐵𑐥𑐣) 𑐢𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐕𑐐𑐹 𑐳𑑄𑐳𑑂𑐠𑐵, 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵, 𑐰𑐵 𑐄𑐡𑑂𑐡𑐾𑐱𑑂𑐫 𑐥𑐹𑐰𑑄𑐎𑐾𑐟 𑐱𑑂𑐬𑑀𑐟 𑐰 𑐳𑐵𑐢𑐣𑐟𑐫𑑂𑐟 𑐧𑐵𑑄𑐮𑐵𑐎 𑐩𑐸𑑄𑐎𑐾𑐐𑐸 𑐰 𑐳𑑄𑐎𑐾𑐐𑐸 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐏𑑅। 𑐠𑐸𑐎𑐷 𑐫𑑀𑐖𑐣𑐵 𑐡𑐫𑐾𑐎𑐾𑐐𑐸, 𑐖𑐶𑐩𑑂𑐩𑐾𑐰𑐵𑐬𑐷 𑐧𑐵𑐫𑐾𑐐𑐸, 𑐰 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐫𑐵 𑐀𑐣𑐸𑐐𑐩𑐣 𑐫𑐵𑐫𑐾𑐐𑐸 𑐠𑐾𑑄𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐩𑐹 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐡𑐸𑐠𑑂𑐫𑐵𑑅। 𑐧𑐵𑑄𑐮𑐵𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐳𑐵𑑅-𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐾𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐡𑐹𑐐𑐸 𑐖𑐎 𑐐𑐸𑐐𑐸𑑄 𑐣𑑄 𑐳𑑄𑐐𑐛𑐣 𑐰𑐵 𑐣𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐫𑐾𑐩𑐶𑐂 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐳𑐸𑐠𑐵𑑄 𑐮𑐵𑐫𑐾𑐦𑐂।

𑐏𑑃𑐐𑑂𑐰𑑅𑐫𑐵 𑐄𑐟𑑂𑐥𑐟𑐶

𑐣𑐾𑐥𑐵𑐮𑐨𑐵𑐲𑐵𑐫𑑂 '𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐳𑐵𑑅' 𑐢𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 '𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐧𑐣𑑂𑐢 𑐰𑐵 𑐰𑑂𑐫𑐰𑐳𑑂𑐠𑐵' (Setup/Arrangement) 𑐏𑑅 𑐀𑐮𑐾 '𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐾𑐐𑐸' 𑐢𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 '𑐕𑐸𑑄 𑐏𑑃 𑐡𑐫𑐾𑐎𑐾𑐐𑐸/𑐕𑐶𑑄𑐎𑐾𑐐𑐸' (To organize) 𑐏𑑅। 𑐠𑐠𑐾 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑐶𑑄𑐟𑐶𑑄 𑐧𑐵𑑄𑐮𑐵𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐧𑐣𑑂𑐢 𑐩𑐶𑐮𑐵𑐫𑐾𑐐𑐸 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐖𑐹𑐐𑐸𑐮𑐶𑑄 𑐠𑐸𑐎𑐶𑐫𑐵𑐟 '𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐳𑐵𑑅-𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐾𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵' 𑐢𑐵𑐂।

𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐳𑐵𑑅-𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐾𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐫𑐵 𑐩𑐹 𑐟𑐵𑐖𑐶

𑑑. 𑐔𑑂𑐰𑐫𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐟𑐵𑐖𑐶 (Top Management): 𑐣𑐷𑐟𑐶 𑐰 𑐫𑑀𑐖𑐣𑐵 𑐡𑐫𑐾𑐎𑐷𑐥𑐶𑑄 (𑐡𑐳𑐸: 𑐣𑐶𑐬𑑂𑐡𑐾𑐱𑐎)। 𑑒. 𑐡𑐠𑐸𑐫𑐵 𑐟𑐵𑐖𑐶 (Middle Management): 𑐔𑑂𑐰𑐫𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐫𑑀𑐖𑐣𑐵𑐫𑐵𑐟 𑐎𑐵𑐬𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐣𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐣 𑐫𑐵𑐂𑐥𑐶𑑄 (𑐡𑐳𑐸: 𑐰𑐶𑐨𑐵𑐐 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐩𑐸𑐏)। 𑑓. 𑐎𑑂𑐰𑐫𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐟𑐵𑐖𑐶 (Lower Management): 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐟𑑂𑐫𑐎𑑂𑐲 𑐬𑐹𑐥𑑄 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐩𑐶 𑐣𑐵𑐥 𑐔𑑂𑐰𑐣𑐵𑑅 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐫𑐵𑐂𑐥𑐶𑑄 (𑐡𑐳𑐸: 𑐳𑐸𑐥𑐬𑐨𑐵𑐂𑐖𑐬)।

𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐳𑐵𑑅-𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐾𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐫𑐵 𑐏𑑂𑐫:𑐟

𑐀𑐬𑑂𑐠 𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐳𑐵𑑅-𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐾𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵 (Financial Management): 𑐢𑑂𑐫𑐧𑐵 𑐰 𑐥𑐸𑑃𑐖𑐷𑐫𑐵 𑐄𑐔𑐶𑐟 𑐥𑐬𑐶𑐔𑐵𑐮𑐣।
𑐩𑐣𑐹-𑐱𑑂𑐬𑑀𑐟 𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐳𑐵𑑅-𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐾𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵 (HR Management): 𑐎𑐬𑑂𑐩𑐔𑐵𑐬𑐷𑐟𑐫𑐐𑐸 𑐕𑐣𑑀𑐚 𑐰 𑐰𑐶𑐎𑐵𑐳, 𑐕𑐸 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐐𑐣𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐩𑑂𑐴 𑐩𑐣𑐹 𑐩𑐵𑐮𑐶 𑐰 𑐕𑐸𑑄 𑐳𑑄𑐳𑑂𑐠𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐡𑐸𑐥𑐶𑑄 𑐩𑐣𑐹𑐟𑐾𑐟 𑐣𑐶𑐱𑑂𑐔𑐶𑐟 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐫𑐵𑐫𑐾𑐟 𑐐𑐠𑐾 𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐴𑐵𑐮𑐶 𑐫𑐵𑐂𑐐𑐸 𑐠𑐾𑑄 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵।
𑐃 𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐳𑐵𑑅-𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐾𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵 (Time Management): 𑐃𑐫𑐵 𑐧𑐵𑑄𑐮𑐵𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐕𑑂𑐫𑐮𑐵𑐧𑐸𑐮𑐵।
𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐳𑐵𑑅-𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐾𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵 (Operations Management): 𑐄𑐟𑑂𑐥𑐵𑐡𑐣 𑐰 𑐳𑐾𑐰𑐵𑐫𑐵 𑐐𑐸𑐞𑐳𑑂𑐟𑐬 𑐎𑐵𑐫𑐩 𑐫𑐵𑐫𑐾𑐐𑐸।

𑐩𑐴𑐟𑑂𑐟𑑂𑐰

𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐳𑐵𑑅-𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐾𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵𑑄 𑐐𑐸𑐐𑐸𑑄 𑐣𑑄 𑐏𑑂𑐫𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐎𑑂𑐰𑐫𑑂 𑐧𑐶𑐫𑐵𑐎𑐠𑑄𑐫𑐵 𑐟𑑅𑐢𑑄𑐐𑐸 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐨𑐵𑐰 𑐮𑐵𑐎𑐷:

𑐎𑐵𑐬𑑂𑐫𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐩𑐟𑐵: 𑐩𑑂𑐴𑑀 𑐩𑐶𑐴𑐶𑐣𑐾𑐟 𑐰 𑐳𑐵𑐢𑐣𑑄 𑐀𑐥𑑂𑐰𑑅 𑐮𑐶𑐔𑑂𑐰𑑅 𑐥𑐶𑐎𑐵𑐫𑐾 𑐦𑐂।
𑐀𑐣𑐸𑐱𑐵𑐳𑐣: 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐕𑐐𑐹 𑐣𑐶𑐱𑑂𑐔𑐶𑐟 𑐥𑐡𑑂𑐢𑐟𑐶 𑐰 𑐀𑐣𑐸𑐱𑐵𑐳𑐣 𑐎𑐵𑐫𑐩 𑐖𑐸𑐂।
𑐳𑑄𑐫𑑀𑐖𑐣: 𑐠𑐷-𑐠𑐷 𑐩𑐣𑐹𑐟𑐫𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐟 𑐕𑐐𑐹 𑐴𑐾 𑐮𑐎𑑂𑐲𑑂𑐫𑐫𑑂 𑐐𑑀𑐮𑐧𑐡𑑂𑐢 𑐫𑐵𑐫𑐾 𑐦𑐂।

𑐮𑐶𑐢𑑄𑐳𑐵

Drucker, Peter F. (1954). The Practice of Management.
Taylor, Frederick Winslow (1911). The Principles of Scientific Management.